【2008.06.18 澳大利亚人报】奥运前夕中国没能让人建立起信任

China failing to build trust ahead of Olympics

中国在奥运前夕没能让人建立起信任


Rowan Callick, China correspondent | June 18, 2008
原文：[url]http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0[/url],25197,23880347-5016653,00.html

PUBLIC opinion surveys in five Asian countries and the US show perceptions of China's "soft power" lag those of the US and Japan - though a great Olympic Games in Beijing might cut the gap in August.

在亚洲五国和美国进行的公众意见调查显示，尽管八月份在北京将举行的一场盛大的奥运会可能会缩小这个差距，但人们对中国“软实力”的认知落后于美国和日本。


The Chicago Council on Global Affairs and South Korea's East Asia Institute surveyed 6000 people, asking them up to 60 questions each, in China, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the US.
The survey was conducted in January and February, before the Tibet unrest and Sichuan earthquake. While American attitudes to China have deteriorated since a similar survey in 2006, Chinese perceptions of the US have grown warmer over the past two years, demonstrating consistently positive attitudes towards US influence in Asia.

芝加哥全球事务理事会和韩国东亚研究所，在中国、越南、日本、韩国、印度尼西亚和美国调查了6000人，向每位被调查者询问了60道问题。这项调查是在今年一月和二月份进行的，那是在西藏骚乱和四川地震之前。相对于2006年一次相似的调查美国人对中国的态度有所恶化，不过中国人对美国的认知在过去的两年里有所变暖，持续表明对美国在亚洲的影响力有正面评价。


The conductors of the survey conclude: "Clearly, China is recognised by its neighbours as the future leader of Asia, but its rise does not mean US influence is waning." Americans, Japanese and Indonesians, as well as Chinese themselves, believe China has the greatest economic influence in Asia of any nation - including the US and Japan. Americans view China more as an economic competitor; 54per cent oppose a free trade agreement. In Japan, 53 per cent and in South Korea 67 per cent favour FTAs with China.

这项调查的执行者总结说：“显然，中国被它的邻居们认为是未来的亚洲领袖，但是它的崛起并不意味着美国的影响力在衰弱。”美国人、日本人和印度尼西亚人，以及中国人自己都认为，相比其他任何国家包括美国和日本，中国在亚洲最具有经济影响力。美国人更多把中国看成经济竞争者，54％受访者反对（和中国签订）自由贸易协定。在日本53％和67％韩国人支持和中国签署自由贸易协定。


The east Asians favour closer regional ties; most Chinese and South Koreans urged political integration along the lines of the European Union - indicating potential support for Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's Asia-Pacific Union. But the Japanese are opposed. If a northeast Asian FTA were to be formed, only Chinese respondents - 67 per cent of them - favour US inclusion, while most Japanese and South Koreans are opposed. In all the surveyed Asian countries, between 70 and 91 per cent believe it is important for their children to learn Chinese to succeed in their careers, but even higher numbers rate learning English as important.

东亚的人希望有更紧密的地区纽带关系；大部分中国人和韩国人敦促像欧盟那样进行政治整合——这显示出对陆克文总理亚太联盟（计划）的潜在支持。但是日本人反对。如果要组建东北亚自由贸易协定的话，只有中国的受访者——67％的人——赞成将美国纳入进来，但是大多数日本人和韩国人反对此想法。在所有受访的亚洲国家，70％－91％的人相信让他们的孩子学习中文将会对他们未来职业成功起重要作用，不过认为学英语重要的比例更高。


Only Indonesians do not believe China will be the leader of Asia in the future. But 71 per cent in the US, 89 per cent in Japan and 77 per cent in South Korea say they are either "somewhat" or "very" uncomfortable with that idea. China's key new diplomatic concept of a "harmonious world" has made little impact; only 9 to 25 per cent of respondents elsewhere had heard of it. China does not rate highly on building trust and co-operation among Asian countries. Japanese, South Korean, Indonesian and Vietnamese respondents see the US as significantly more effective than China in public diplomacy.

只有印度尼西亚人不认为中国将成为未来亚洲的领袖。不过在美国71％、日本89％和韩国77％的受访者说，他们对中国成为亚洲领导角色的观点感到“有一些”或“非常”不舒服。中国新的主要外交设想“和谐世界”的影响力还很小；在其他国家只有9％－25％的受访者听说过这个想法。在建立信任和合作方面，中国没有获得来自亚洲国家的很高评价。日本、韩国、印尼以及越南受访者认为美国在公共外交上比中国明显更有效。


Most respondents are at least "somewhat worried" that China could become a military threat to their countries, while Chinese, South Korean and Indonesian respondents are similarly concerned about Japan. Majorities in every country, including China and Japan, believe it is somewhat or very likely that China and Japan would build up their military capacities to compete with each other if the US removed its armed forced from east Asia.

大多数受访者对中国可能成为对他们国家的军事威胁至少“有一些担心”，与此同时中国、韩国和印度尼西亚的受访者对日本也有相似的担心。各国包括中国和日本的大多数人相信，如果美国从东亚撤走军事力量，中国和日本可能或非常可能相互竞争提高他们的军事实力。